Can you account for this differential solubility? Why is acetic acid so soluble in water? Chemistry Solutions Factors Affecting Solubility. Mar 26, Like methanol and ethanol, to a first approximation, acetic acid is half a water molecule. Related questions What factors affect solubility in a solid-liquid combination?
What factors affect solubility in water? Carboxylic acids exhibit strong hydrogen bonding between molecules. They therefore have high boiling points compared to other substances of comparable molar mass. The acids with one to four carbon atoms are completely miscible with water. Solubility decreases as the carbon chain length increases because dipole forces become less important and dispersion forces become more predominant. The carboxylic acids generally are soluble in such organic solvents as ethanol, toluene, and diethyl ether.
Table Each ethanoic acid molecule has one O—H bond but is capable of forming double hydrogen bonded dimers as shown in the diagram below. When added to water the carboxylic acids do not form dimers. Rather, hydrogen bonds are formed between the individual molecules of the acid and water molecules. It is because of these interactions that carboxylic acids can dissolve in water to form acidic solutions.
The carboxylic acids with low molar mass up to four carbon atoms are freely soluble in water. As the chain length of the carboxylic acids increases the solubility in water decreases rapidly. The animation below shows the interaction between ethanoic acid and water molecules in order to explain the solubility of small chain alcohols.
Carboxylic Acids Solubility in Water The first four carboxylic acids mix with water in all proportions.
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