How do antigens determine blood type




















So, considering some of the potential links to disease, you may be tempted to ask if you could change your blood type. This is because most of your red blood cells are made in your bone marrow. If the marrow donor has a different blood type, your blood type will eventually change to the donor's type. These are the eight main blood types. Their plasma has been used to study donors and find blood suitable for transfusion. This would then be used to prevent reactions in patients with similar antibodies.

The chain of discovering a problem and then working out how to stop it happening again is the basis of testing blood prior to transfusion.

For example, the Kell antigen is an enzyme the biological catalysts. Other red cell antigens are involved in the structure of the cell membrane, and the transport of chemicals between the inside and outside of the cell. All antigens should be considered when matching blood for transfusion.

The field of blood group antigens is always growing, particularly with the application of modern genetic sequencing techniques. Using these techniques, the research team at the Australian Red Cross Blood Service have discovered at least three new blood group antigens in recent years, and have also deciphered the blood types of ancient people such as Denisovans and Neanderthals, based on their DNA sequence.

Essays on blood: why do we actually have it? People with type B blood have anti-A antibodies. Type O blood contains both types of antibodies. Rh typing uses a method similar to ABO typing. When blood typing is done to see if you have Rh factor on the surface of your red blood cells, the results will be one of these:. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising.

This soon goes away. Blood typing is done so you can safely receive a blood transfusion or a transplant. Your blood type must closely match the blood type of the blood you are receiving. If the blood types do not match:.

Blood typing is very important during pregnancy. Careful testing can prevent a severe anemia in the newborn and jaundice. Based on your results, your health care providers can determine which type of blood you can safely receive:.

Type O blood can be given to anyone with any blood type. That is why people with type O blood are called universal blood donors. There is little risk involved with having your blood taken.

They recognise foreign substances, such as germs, and alert your immune system, which destroys them. Blood group O is the most common blood group. Receiving blood from the wrong ABO group can be life-threatening. For example, if someone with group B blood is given group A blood, their anti-A antibodies will attack the group A cells.

This is why group A blood must never be given to someone who has group B blood and vice versa. As group O red blood cells do not have any A or B antigens, it can safely be given to any other group. Red blood cells sometimes have another antigen, a protein known as the RhD antigen. If this is present, your blood group is RhD positive.

If it's absent, your blood group is RhD negative. In most cases, O RhD negative blood O- can safely be given to anyone. It's often used in medical emergencies when the blood type is not immediately known.



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