The amygdala doesn't just modify the strength and emotional content of memories; it also plays a key role in forming new memories specifically related to fear. Fearful memories are able to be formed after only a few repetitions. Understanding how the amygdala processes fear is important because of its relevance to post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD , which affects many of our veterans as well as police, paramedics and others exposed to trauma. Anxiety in learning situations is also likely to involve the amygdala, and may lead to avoidance of particularly challenging or stressful tasks.
QBI researchers including Professor Pankaj Sah and Dr Timothy Bredy believe that understanding how fear memories are formed in the amygdala may help in treating conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder. There are two areas of the brain involved in implicit memory : the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. The basal ganglia are structures lying deep within the brain and are involved in a wide range of processes such as emotion, reward processing, habit formation, movement and learning.
They are particularly involved in co-ordinating sequences of motor activity, as would be needed when playing a musical instrument, dancing or playing basketball. The cerebellum, a separate structure located at the rear base of the brain, is most important in fine motor control, the type that allows us to use chopsticks or press that piano key a fraction more softly.
A well-studied example of cerebellar motor learning is the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which lets us maintain our gaze on a location as we rotate our heads. The prefrontal cortex PFC is the part of the neocortex that sits at the very front of the brain. It is the most recent addition to the mammalian brain, and is involved in many complex cognitive functions. Human neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging MRI machines show that when people perform tasks requiring them to hold information in their short-term memory , such as the location of a flash of light, the PFC becomes active.
There also seems to be a functional separation between left and right sides of the PFC: the left is more involved in verbal working memory while the right is more active in spatial working memory, such as remembering where the flash of light occurred. QBI newsletters Subscribe. Help QBI research Give now. The findings may one day help researchers treat dementia by targeting gene therapy or administering drugs directly into the brain region responsible for specific types of memory loss, says Clea Warburton, a neuroscientist at the University of Bristol, UK.
By Helen Thomson The part of the brain responsible for the way we understand words, meanings and concepts has been revealed as the anterior temporal lobe — a region just in front of the ears.
Conceptual loss For example, when shown a picture of a camel, they may understand that it is an animal but will not be able to give its name, and they lose the idea of associated concepts, such as deserts and palm trees. Trending Latest Video Free. Our Human Story newsletter: The patterns of domestication Sterile neutrinos could explain dark matter — if we can find them COP New alliance commits to ending oil and gas extraction Covid news: Coronavirus deaths in Europe rise 10 per cent in a week The hard problem of consciousness is already beginning to dissolve.
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